Topic+Five+review


Human Digestive System (process)1207322739
 * website for review: http://www.saburchill.com/chapters/chap0016.html --kayleesager

Transport system (Heart/ flow of blood)1207322739 remember: they always try to trip us up w/ a Q about oxygenated/de-oxygenated vessels/arteries... once you know the drill tho, it's really easy: cuz there's ONE artery that carries **de-oxygenated** blood AWAY from the heart to the lungs, and one vessel that carries **oxygenated** blood TO the heart from the lungs. Gas Exchange1207660065
 * includes: kayleesager....
 * Ventilation: The ribs also support the lungs and help to pump air inn and out when we breathe.
 * Parts of the body used during breathing: the thorax pumps air in and out is the diaphragm. The diaphragm is a sheet of fibre and muscle which rises and falls as we breathe.w
 * NOTE: remember how to answer the questions that deal with how Oxygen is used and energy in the breathing process.
 * "The nose= biological air conditioning unit. It contains hairs which traps large dust particles. If there is a lot of dust in the air we may also sneeze to remove it from the nostrils. If the air is cold when it enters the nose it is warmed by the blood in the many capillaries which are found close to the walls of the nasal cavity. These blood vessels also provide water which humidifies the air if it is too dry. We can feel the difference between cold, dry air which is breathed into the lungs via the nose and the same type of air breathed in via the mouth.
 * he air then passes into the throat and down the windpipe (trachea). The entrance of the trachea is protected by a valve, the epiglottis, which closes when we swallow food or drink. In this way the air passage is only blocked for a second so we do not have to hold our breath." ([|http://www.saburchill.com/chapters/chap0019.html)]

Defense against infectious diseases1207667554 Cause, Transmission, social implications of AIDS > -->effects of HIV (arianatae)
 * including--Kayleesager
 * Pathogens
 * lympoccytes
 * the difference between antigens and antibodies (and the relationship between them)
 * the production process of antibodies
 * HIV-particles attack t-cells; transmitted via blood, other body fluids; any cuts could infect, which makes people careful, scared or openly averted to infected persons. A normal sex life is difficult, as other than a condom [or vaginal diaphragm], which can tear, there is no preventing the HIV-cells from entering the partner's body.

Understanding homeostasis and excretion1207667554 excretion (def.): expelling of //toxic// wastes (incl. urea) (arianatae) Reproduction - changes in hormones during puberty (both male and female) 1207667554 - reproductive systems 1208603876 - embryo development 1208603876 - birth control 1208603876

Skills:
Draw structure of heart and know the flow/ circulation of blood between body, heart, and brain. 1207322739 Draw structure of human digestive system.1207322739 and label + know functions of each organ involved. 1208087870 Draw diagram of human ventilation (Lungs, bronchiole, aveoli)1207322739 --> explain features of alveoli that adapt them to gax exchange (arianatae) Be able to explain the mechanism of ventilation in human lungs 1208603876 describe the role of body temperature --> this relates back to the idea that the brain can widen/constrict the blood vessels, sweat glands & skin arterioles, shivering (know the effect of each) (arianatae) Draw the female and male reproductive organs 1207667554 Be able to reconize, read and possibly draw the hormone levels for the female menstration cycle-- Kayleesager Be able to discuss ethical issues of contraception 1208603876 Outline the process of in vitro fertilization (5.7.12) 1208603876 methods (four) for family planning/contraception (mechanical, chemical, behavioral) -->[abstention (b), adoption (b), condom (m), creme (ch), pill (ch), IOD (m)] AMNIOCENTESIS: withdrawing amniotic fluid (w/ embryonic cells) using a syringe (can diagnose ~400 chromosomal abnormalities/biochemical disorders) --> possible risks: injure baby (arianatae)

Dealing with Data:
Analyzing graphs of oxygen (gas exchange) intake of various animals (e.g. graph of oxygen intake of mole rats in different environments).1207322739 Analyzing rates of oxygen intake/respiration in organisms 1208603876 Understanding how progesterone and oxytocin levels vary during during birth.1207660065 Analyzing changes in the levels of hormones in the body? 1208603876

Things to Watch Out For:
How does the structure of veins, capillaries and arteries relate to their function. 1207322739 How the structure of the villi (in particular!) relates to its role in transportation Remember to memorize the cause, transmission, effect of one human bacterial disease (arianatae) Be able to distinguish between the different roles of skin and mucous as protective layers (arianatae) The process of the transport system (where does the blood flow...from where to where...etc) 1208603876 The pH levels of enzymes that are used in the digestion process-- kayleesager Homeostasis and negative feedback mechanisms user:emilycho Differences between Cell Respiration, Gas Exchange, and Ventilation user:emilycho The function of oxytocin throughout the menstrual cycle 1208087870 Difference between copulation and fertilization 1208603876 The process of IVF 1208603876 Distinguish the differences between absorption & assimilation! 1208877383 Remember to know 1 example of a disease cause by each of the groups (Viruses, Bacteria, Protozoa, Fungi, Flat & Ring-Worms! 1208877383 Difference between Antigens and antibodies! 1208877383
 * folds
 * extra layers (one layer of microvilli, plus "bard simpson hair")
 * one-cell thick epithelial layer
 * capillary beds
 * (arianatae)

There will probably be a question about: (go to this website for quizzes on this chapter: http://www.saburchill.com/questions/quest.html-- kayleesager)
The different peaks of oxytocin, estrogen, and progesterone during either Pregnancy or the menstrual cycle 1207714355 Connection between structure and function of: capillaries, veins, and arteries user:emilycho The function and/or structure of organs in the digestive system 1208604022 Blood flow through the transport system 1208604022 How ventilation works 1208604022 Ethical issues of contraception 1208604022