Softening+and+Fading+of+Denim

Enzymes are not just molecules in our body that speed up reactions inside our body. They are also used for industrial purposes. For example, they can be used in textile processing. Enzymes like hybrid cellulase is used to fade and soften fabrics like denim.
 * [|Textile Enyzmes]**

[|Cellulase] is an enzyme that cuts the plant tissue, cellulose into glucose, which is a simple sugar. It does so by attaching to the cellulose, breaking it apart and releasing the resulting sugar moelcules.
 * Cellulase**

A [|hybrid "cellulase"] is constructed by fusing the //Thermomonospora fusca// E2 (cellulose-binding domain) to the //P. bryantii// gene, then purified and characterized enzymatically.
 * Hybrid Cellulase**

Before hybrid cellulase was introduced, only Abrasion Yarn was used to loosen the indigo dye in the denim. However, too much abrasion would damage the cloth, especially the hems and the waistbands. This is why we use hybrid cellulase to spead up the abrasion process and fade the denim more quickly without damaging the fabric. Also, using a small amount of enzyme such as hybrid cellulase can produce the same result as using a few kilgrams of stones, therefore increasing the productivity rate. It will also have less wear on the machines that specialize in processing denim and because using enzymes like the hybrid cellulase will be a stone-free process, the need to remove stones and sediment from the fabric afterwards will be reduced. There will also be no stones or sediment in the wastewater to block drains.
 * It's role in denim processing**

Denim fabric is dyed with indigo which is stuck fast to the denim. Cellulase molecules can bond to something called fibril (makes up fiber) on the surface of the yarn and hydrolysizes it, but leaving the interior of the fabric untouched. When the fibril are hydrolysized, some of the indigo dye is removed in the process, softening the denim in the process. That is how cellulase can help fade and soften denim.
 * How does it work?**